There are nine million more women than men in RussiaIt's National Unity Day in Russia. To mark it, here are 57 remarkable facts about the country.
1. The Astoria hotel in St Petersburg is where Hitler planned to hold a huge celebratory banquet once he'd conquered the city.
2. Its greatest museum - The Hermitage, also in St Petersburg - is home to around 70 cats, which guard its treasures against rodents. The tradition dates back to a 1745 decree of Empress Elizabeth, the daughter of Peter the Great, founder of St. Petersburg. The museum also has almost 14 miles of marbled corridors.
3. Subbotnik is the day when residents of Russian cities volunteer to sweep up and tidy the streets. It started after the revolution but still happens today.
4. The name Red Square has nothing to do with communism, but derives from the word "krasnyi", which once meant "beautiful".
5. The icicles hanging from the gutters in Moscow in winter are so enormous that the pavements below are cordoned off - as they'd kill you if they fell on your head.
6. There is a bronze sculpture of a dog with a shiny nose at Ploshchad Revolutsii metro station - it is shiny because it's good luck to touch it.
7. That isn't the only sculpture of a dog in Russia - there's also this monument to Laika, the hound that went to space in 1957.
8. Chicken's foot soup (kholodets) is a traditional delicacy.
9. They love cloakrooms - don't expect to get very far into a restaurant/bar/museum/gallery without being asked to put your coat and/or bag in a cloakroom. The best are efficiently run by teams of baboushkas.
10. Giving flowers to residents can be a delicate point of etiquette. You should always make sure you give them in odd numbers, unless going to a funeral, when even numbers are the rule.
11. In St Petersburg, next to the bridge to reach the Peter and Paul Fortress, is a statue of a hare which commemorates the large number of hares that used to live on the island, and their battle against the floods that plagued the city during the 18th and 19th centuries. It's considered good luck to hit it with a coin.
12. Russian cars shrink as one leaves the capital, and hairstyles get weirder.
13. They are the world's fourth biggest drinkers, according to WHO statistics, behind Belarus, Moldova and Lithuania. Britain comes 25th.
14. The word "vodka" derives for the word "voda", which means "water".
15. The male life expectancy is just 63, lower than it is in North Korea or Iraq. Russian women, on the other hand, can expect to live to 75.
16. Yttygran Island is home to the so-called "Whale Bone Alley", where remains of the marine mammals have been carefully arranged like so.
17. Moscow's underground is perhaps the world's most beautiful.
18. There's reputedly another secret metro system - Metro-2 - which links a collection of military bunkers.
19. They pickle everything: cucumber, beetroot and former leaders.
20. Padlock trees can be found in Moscow - couples place them here to prove their love.
21. In the vault/museum beneath the Monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad, the only sound is the steady ticking of a metronome - it is the noise that played out on local radio during the seige so that residents knew the city was still alive.
22. It's considered wimpy to lower the ear flaps on your Ushanka (fur hat) unless the temperature drops below -20C.
23. Traffic in Moscow is so bad that wealthy Russians hire fake ambulances to beat the jams.
24. Moscow's Fallen Monument Park has a bunch of unwanted Soviet statues - as well as more contemporary work.
25. There are around 11 million more women than men.
26. An estimated 50 per cent of policemen take bribes.
27. There's a restaurant in Moscow staffed entirely by twins.
28. It's not all tundra and taiga - you can go trekking on volcanoes.
29. Foreigners pay a higher entrance fee at many tourist sites. It’s unfair, but there’s nothing you can do, and there is little point in complaining. Best to laugh it off, and picture Roman Abramovich paying five times less than you under the “discounts for Russian citizens” scheme.
30. Postnik Yakovlev is best known as the man behind St Basil's Cathedral. Legend has it that Ivan the Terrible blinded him afterwards, so he could never build anything to rival it.
31. It has more time zones (11) than any other country.
32. Although things have improved greatly, Russian police are still notorious for shaking down foreigners for “paperwork infringements”. Carry your documents with you at all times.
33. One of the biggest mysteries of the Second World War is the fate of the Amber Room, a chamber decorated in amber panels with gold leaf and mirrors which was once located in the Catherine Palace of Tsarskoye Selo near Saint Petersburg. It was looted by the Nazis and brought to Königsberg for reconstruction, but its whereabouts are now unknown.
34. Olkhon Island, the largest on Lake Baikal, is a hotbed for shamanism. Shaman's Rock is found on its western coast.
35. Western leaders are not welcome in at least one airport duty free shop.
36. In the White Dining Room in the Hermitage Palace there's a clock on the mantelpiece. It was stopped at 2.10am on the night of October 25,1917, when Kerensky’s provisional government, which had held power since the February revolution, was arrested by the Bolsheviks - it is the moment Russia slipped into to communism.
37. Mikhail Gorbachev recorded an album of romantic ballads. Putin has a judo DVD.
38. For a brief period in the Nineties PepsiCo had one of the largest submarine fleets in the world courtesy of a deal with Russia.
39. You can visit without applying for a visa by taking a ferry/short cruise from Helsinki (to St Petersburg).
40. It has one of the world's most terrifying walkways: the 439-metre SkyBridge.
41. St Peterburg has its own beach - beside the Peter and Paul Fortress. The city’s so-called “walruses” – believers in the therapeutic effects of freezing water – gather here to bathe in winter.
42. Vasilevskiy Island in St Petersburg offers a bizarre selection of attractions, including a pair of 15th-century sphinxes from Egypt on the river side and a museum of biological oddities where you can see the skeleton and heart of Peter the Great’s gigantic personal servant.
43. 1,800 skiers and snowboarders hit the slopes of Sheregesh wearing bikinis earlier this year in a bid to break a Guinness World Record.
44. There are plans afoot for an ambitious 12,400-mile superhighway linking the Atlantic and the Pacific.
45. It is home to Europe’s longest river, the Volga, at 3,690km (2,293 miles). It has more than 200 tributaries that, if counted with the main river, would add up to 357,000km (221,800 miles).
46. Russia’s hard labour camps, known as gulags, could soon be turned into “tourist camps”. The controversial plan to attract visitors was announced last year by the regional tourist department in the Sakha Republic, in eastern Siberia.
47. Around 10,000 British tourists visit the country each year, and over 90 per cent of them go only to Moscow and/or St Petersburg.
48. In Uglich, some 125 miles north of Moscow, a red and white church overlooking the River Volga marks the spot where, in 1591, the eight-year-old Tsarevich Dmitry, the youngest son of Ivan the Terrible and the last of the Rurik dynasty, was murdered, allegedly on the orders of Boris Godunov. To quell the ensuing uproar, Moscow despatched investigators, who concluded that the young boy fell, accidentally stabbing himself (“Seven times!” add locals, wryly) in the process.
49. It is home to the coldest inhabited place on the planet - Oymyakon. On February 6, 1933, a temperature of −67.7 °C was recorded at its weather station
50. The Russians once built a circular warship. Here is a scale model.
51. In 1908 the Russian Olympic team arrived in London 12 days late because it was still using the Julian calendar.
52. The Ter Sami language of the Kola Peninsula is on the verge of extinction - just two people speak it.
53. You can buy antique stamps from the little tobacconist shops on the street.
54. According to a biography by Henri Troyat, Peter the Great loved his toy soldiers so much that he executed a rat (by hanging) which had the temerity to chew the head off of one. He also imposed a tax on beards.
55. There's a chain of Russian cafes where everything is free and you pay depending on how long you stay there. It opened a branch in London last year.
56. Lake Karachay, a dumping ground for nuclear waste, is so radioactive that standing for one hour beside it would almost certainly kill you.
57. A museum in St. Petersburg has on display what it claims to beRasputin's severed penis in a glass jar. Experts doubt it is the real thing, however.
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